NEPTUNE SYSTEM / SATELLITE DOSSIER

Despina

Despina is an irregular inner moon of Neptune, circling close to the equatorial plane in about eight hours.

Artist’s impression of Despina

Despina is an irregular inner moon of Neptune, circling close to the equatorial plane in about eight hours.

DIAMETER / EARTH0.01×
EARTHDESPINA
ATMOSPHERE
No substantial atmosphere detectedEffectively airless
SURFACE TEMPERATURE
Cold exposed surface
SURFACE PRESSURE
Effectively airless
HABITABILITYNo life detected
UNPROTECTED HUMANSNot survivable

Interior ↗

03
Unresolvedinternal structure

Moon system ↗

04
Neptune moon orbitsSelected moons, ordered outward. Orbit sizes and positions are schematic; relative periods are preserved.NEPTUNENAIADTHALASSADESPINAGALATEALARISSAHIPPOCAMPPROTEUSTRITONNEREID
DESPINA

Instrument detail

Despina orbitElliptical orbit viewed along the orbital axis, relative to Neptune. Motion is accelerated, not a live position. Distances are center to center.NEPTUNEDESPINA≈ 52,500 km
ONE ORBIT0.334656 Earth days around Neptune
Closest to Neptune
52,500 km
Farthest from Neptune
52,500 km

Despina circles Neptune. Distances are measured between the centers of the two bodies.

Eccentricity rounds to zero in the adopted mean elements. This circular view omits inclination, ring interactions and perturbations from other moons.

Despina rotationEqual elapsed time, with sidereal rotation rates and directions. Axial tilt and relative sizes are not shown.DESPINA8.0 hoursEARTH23.9 hours
ONE ROTATION8.0 hours

One turn per orbit

The standard orientation model is approximately synchronous: Despina turns roughly once per orbit, keeping broadly the same hemisphere toward Neptune. The rate comparison omits axial tilt and fine pole variations.

Satellite atlasMoons
Neptune moon orbitsSelected moons, ordered outward. Orbit sizes and positions are schematic; relative periods are preserved.NEPTUNENAIADTHALASSADESPINAGALATEALARISSAHIPPOCAMPPROTEUSTRITONNEREID
FEATURED MOONS09
  1. 01Naiad ↗0.29398 days
  2. 02Thalassa ↗0.311078 days
  3. 03Despina0.334656 days
  4. 04Galatea ↗0.428744 days
  5. 05Larissa ↗0.554989 days
  6. 06Hippocamp ↗0.95039 days
  7. 07Proteus ↗1.1223 days
  8. 08Triton ↗5.88 days
  9. 09Nereid ↗360.133039 days

A family of moons circles the planet.

Triton travels in the opposite direction to Neptune’s rotation. Naiad and Thalassa have a three-dimensional resonant relationship; this flat schematic does not show their orbital inclinations or vertical separation.

GRAVITY UNKNOWNMASS UNCERTAIN
SURFACE GRAVITYUnknown

Mass remains uncertain

Despina’s published GM is 0.11673 ± 0.25263 km³/s². The uncertainty exceeds the nominal value, so a numerical surface-gravity or jump comparison is not shown.

Unresolvedinternal structure

Beyond the surface

Despina’s interior is unresolved. Limited surface imagery and uncertain bulk properties do not establish distinct ice and rock layers, a differentiated core or a present-day ocean.

    Artist’s impression of Despina

    A Voyager discovery.

    Despina was identified by the Voyager 2 science team in July 1989. It belongs to the compact family of small moons close to Neptune. Spacecraft observations provide limited surface detail, so the illustrated ground-level views are reconstructions.

    Within Neptune’s faint rings.

    Despina moves in the same direction as Neptune’s rotation and remains close to the equatorial plane. Its orbit lies within the planet’s faint ring system. The orbital instrument shows the moon’s mean path without a simulation of ring particles.

    A size estimate, an uncertain mass.

    The adopted mean diameter is 148 kilometers. JPL’s nominal mass parameter has an uncertainty larger than the value itself, so this dossier leaves numerical gravity unassigned. Surface appearance and size do not resolve separate internal layers or a liquid reservoir.

    An eight-hour circuit.

    The adopted mean orbital scale is 52,500 kilometers from Neptune’s center, with a period of 0.334656 Earth days. Eccentricity rounds to zero in the source table. The rotation comparison uses an approximately synchronous model.

    DIAMETER / EARTH0.01×
    EARTHDESPINA
    EARTH
    12,742 km
    DESPINA
    148 km
    Mean diameters · circles share one scale

    148 km is the adopted JPL mean diameter. The irregular outline and uncertainty in radius make this an approximate equivalent-size comparison.

    ATMOSPHERE
    No substantial atmosphere detectedEffectively airless

    Despina is effectively airless. No substantial atmosphere is known to provide breathable air or surface pressure.

    SURFACE TEMPERATURE
    Cold exposed surface
    SURFACE PRESSURE
    Effectively airless
    HABITABILITYNo life detected

    No life has been detected, and a habitable environment has not been established.

    UNPROTECTED HUMANSNot survivable

    The exposed surface requires oxygen, pressure protection and thermal control.

    Planet and landscape images are artistic interpretations.

    • NASA ↗
      • Classification and orbital data
      • Rotation and internal structure constraints
      • Natural conditions and human survival
      • Discovery
      • Neighborhood
    • NASA / JPL ↗
      • Mass and gravity constraints
      • Size, physical data and atmospheric constraints
      • Interior
    • NASA / JPL ↗
      • Mean orbital dimensions; distances from parent center
      • Orbit
    • naif.jpl.nasa.gov ↗
      • Rotation model and synchronous or independent spin
    An artistic reconstruction of Despina’s poorly resolved surface. The crater hollow, debris and local terrain are imagined.

    Across an imagined hollow

    An artistic reconstruction of Despina’s poorly resolved surface. The crater hollow, debris and local terrain are imagined.

    An imagined view from Despina’s Neptune-facing side. The viewing geometry, foreground and illumination are artistic interpretations.

    Neptune above the terrain

    An imagined view from Despina’s Neptune-facing side. The viewing geometry, foreground and illumination are artistic interpretations.

    A broad cracked dark slab with fine dusty pockets between its parts. An artistic reconstruction of Despina; local detail, lighting and viewpoint are imagined.

    Surface fragments in close view

    A broad cracked dark slab with fine dusty pockets between its parts. An artistic reconstruction of Despina; local detail, lighting and viewpoint are imagined.